Gaucher Disease: Task 09 - Structure-based mutation analysis
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This page is under construction.
Contents
Preparation
1. Choice of a structure to work with
We chose the structure 2V3E, chain B, which has the following properties:
<figtable id="2V3E">
PDB-ID | Resolution (Å) | Chain | Covered residues (UniProt seq.) | Missing residues (ATOM seq.) | Covered residues (ATOM seq.) | R-Value(obs.) | R-Free | pH | Temperature (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2V3E | 2.0 | A/B | 40-536 (92.7%) | A: 31, (498-503), B: (-1), (498-503) | A: -1-30, 32-497, B: 0-497 | 0.163 | 0.220 | 7.5 | 100 |
</figtable>
For more information about other candidates and the missing residues, see the lab journal.
2. Visualization of the mutations to work with
We selected the following five mutation from the mutations selected in for this task:
<figtable id="mutations">
Reference | Codon change | Codon Number (UniProt) | Codon Number (PDB) | Amino Acid change | Polarity | Charge (pH) | Disease causing? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
rs368786234 | AGC ⇒ AGA | 77 | 38 | Ser ⇒ Arg (S77R) | polar ⇒ polar | neutral ⇒ positive | FALSE |
rs374003673 | AAT ⇒ AGT | 141 | 102 | Asn ⇒ Ser (N141S) | polar ⇒ polar | neutral ⇒ neutral | FALSE |
CM992894 | GGA ⇒ GAA | 241 | 202 | Gly ⇒ Glu (G241E) | nonpolar ⇒ polar | neutral ⇒ negative | TRUE |
CM880036 | AAC ⇒ AGC | 409 | 370 | Asn ⇒ Ser (N409S) | polar ⇒ polar | neutral ⇒ neutral | TRUE |
CM870010 | CTG ⇒ CCG | 483 | 444 | Leu ⇒ Pro (L483P) | nonpolar ⇒ nonpolar | neutral ⇒ neutral | TRUE |
</figtable>
The following figure visualizes the five residues we are going to mutate on the reference structure, 2V3E, chain B.
The five residues to be mutated mapped onto the structure 2V3E, chain B. Those residues are represented as magenta spheres. The ligands bound to the structure at three binding sites during its resolution (BMA, FUC, NAG, NND) are represented as spheres in different shades of orange. Neither of the five residues lies in the proximity of one of the binding sites. TODO: label the residues! Maybe add a second image from the other side.
As can be seen on the image, none of the residues to be mutated lies in the proximity of one of the three binding sites. (See also the second subfigures of the figure galleries in the next subsection for close up on the residues and their hydrogen bonds.) However, four of the residues lie within a secondary structure element (beta sheet or helix) and one - Glycine 241 - in a turn near a helix. This implies that exchange of these residues with others with different functional groups, polarity and charge could lead to destruction of some hydrogen bonds within or between the secondary structures (e.g. Asparagine 141). This might lead to structural changes and even to destruction of the secondary structures or important blocks of secondary structure elements. Moreover, an exchange with a side chain of a bigger size might lead to clashed with proximate residues (e.g. with the loop near the Serine 77).
3. Creation of mutated structures
We used SQWRL4 to create the five mutated structures. (See lab journal.) The mutated residues in comparison to the native residues, the hydrogen of the mutants and possible clashes are shown in the following figures.
S77R
Serine 77 (PDB 38) is colored magenta, it's chain is in the stick representation and all the backbone residues are in the cartoon representation (the same for the following subfigures). Serine 77 lies in the middle of a beta strand flanked by two other strands in an anti-parallel order. It forms two hydrogen bonds with a residue in a neighboring strand.
We would predict the mutation S77R as benign.
N141S
Asparagine 141 (PDB 102)is located in a helix and forms four hydrogen contacts: two with the main-chain carboxyl- and amino-groups with two helix amino acids (one in each direction) and two with the side chain. One of the contacts of the Asparagine side chain also binds to the same residue in the helix as the Asparagine amino-group binds. The second hydrogen bond of the Asparagine side chain is formed with the side chain of a residue in the neighboring helix, fixing the two helices to each other in this way.
Hydrogen bonds formed by the mutant Serine 141. A contact that was formed between the native Asparagine side chain and a side chain pointing from a neighboring helix (showed in sticks) is missing, as well as a second contact with a residue in the same helix. Instead, the mutated Serine side chain forms a contact with another residue in the same helix.
We would predict the mutation N141S as having an effect.
G241E
We would predict the mutation G241E as benign.
N409S
Asparagine 409 (PDB 370) is located in a helix. It builds five hydrogen bonds: four with the main chain and one with the side chain. Two of the main chain contacts are formed by the carboxyl-group: one with a helix residue and one with a residue located in a proximate beta-strand beginning, the teo binding partners are separated by a short turn. Two other main chain hydrogen bonds are built by the amino-group and two carboxyl-groups of an amino acid in the helix (from the other side). The fifth bond is formed between the side chain amino-group and one of the caroboxy-groups of the last mentioned helix residue.
We would predict the mutation N409S as non-effect.
L483P
Comparison of wild type (wt) Leucine 483 (magenta) and mutant Proline (orange). The mutant Proline is a circle amino acid, which has very different properties than the hydrophobic Leucine. Is leads to a shift in the main chain conformation "backwards", so that the beginning of the neighboring strand is shifted.
Leucine 483 (PDB 444) lies at the very beginning of a beta strand. There is another beta strand in the proximity on the right, which is followed by three others, forming a beta sheet. However, the Leucine does not form any contact with the neighboring strand, as its side chain is hydrophobic and point in another direction. The Leucine forms an interesting hydrogen bond with its amino-group to the side chain of a residue located in the neighboring turn. After this loop another beta-strand follows.
We would predict the mutation L483P as having an effect.
TODO: "Are you introducing hydrophilics to the core or hydrophobics to the protein surface? Are there any holes introduced to the protein due to the mutations?"