Rs61731240
Contents
General Information
| SNP-id | rs61731240 |
| Codon | 179 |
| Mutation Codon | His -> Asp |
| Mutation Triplet | CAT -> GAT |
Pysicochemical Properities
First of all, we explored the amino acid properties and compared them for the original and the mutated amino acid. Therefore we created the possible effect that the mutation could have on the protein.
| His | Asp | consequences |
| aromatic, positive charged, polar, hydrophilic | negative charged, small, polar, hydrophilic | On the one side, both amino acids are polar, but on the other side, His is positively charged, while Asp is negatively charged, which is an essential difference between these both amino acids. Therefore it is very likely, that this change causes big changes in the structure of the protein and the protein therefore will probably not work any longer. Furthermore, the structure of the two amino acids is very different, because of the aromatic ring of the His. |
Visualisation of the Mutation
In the next step, we created the visualization of the muation with PyMol. Therefore we created a picture for the original amino acid, for the new mutated amino acid and finally for both together in one picture whereas the mutation is white colored. The following pictures display that the mutated amino acid Aspartate looks very different to Histidine. Histidine has an aromatical ring. Contrary, Aspartate is smaller and forks at the end of the rest. Furthermore, it is also orientated in a completly different direction. This shows that the amino acids have huge structural differences which will probably cause drastical effects on protein structure and function.
| picture original aa | picture mutated aa | combined picture |
Subsitution Matrices Values
Afterwards, we looked at the values of the substitution matrices PAM1, PAM250 and BLOSSUM62. Therefore we looked detailed at the three values: the value for accoding amino acid substitution, the most frequent value for the substitution of the examined amino acid and the rarest substitution.
In this case, the substitution of Histidine to Aspartic acid has very high values that is nearer to the values for the most frequent subsitution for PAM1 and PAM250. Contrary, for BLOSOUM62 the value for the amino acid subsitution Histidine to Aspartic acid is average. This means the most frequent subsitution value is almost as far as the rarerest subsitution from the the underlying value. The difference between the two PAMs can be ascribed to the different preparations of these two kind of substitutions matrices. The difference between the two PAMs and BLOSUM62 can be ascribed to the different preparations of these two kind of substitutions matrices. The PAM-matrices is an evolutionary model whereas BLOSUM is based on protein families. Therefore probably this mutation is evolutionary not that unlikely whereas within a protein family it is more unusual. Therefore, according to PAM1 and PAM250 a mutation at this position will almost certainly cause structural changes which can affect functional changes. The value from BLOSSUM62 is not realy significant and therefore we are not able to determine effects on the protein.
| PAM 1 | Pam 250 | BLOSOUM 62 | ||||||
| value aa | most frequent substitution | rarest substitution | value aa | most frequent substitution | rarest substitution | value aa | most frequent substitution | rarest substitution |
| 3 | 20 (Gln) | 0 (Ile, Met) | 4 | 7 (Gln) | 2 (Ala, Cys, Gly, Ile, Leu, Met, Phe, Thr, Trp, Val) | -1 | 2 (Tyr) | -3 (Cys, Ile, Leu, Val) |
PSSM analysis
| self-information | expected self-information | |
| His | 9 | 65 |
| Asp | -3 | 0 |
Conservation analysis with Multiple Alignments
As a next step we created a multiple alignment which contains the HEXA sequence and 9 other mammalian homologous sequences from uniprot. Afterwards we looked at the position of the different mutations and looked at the conservation level on this position. The regarded mutation is presented by the colored column. Here we can see, that the all other mammalians have on this Position the amino acid Histidine. Therefore, the mutation on this position is highly conserved and a mutation on there will cause probably huge structural and functional changes for the protein.
Secondary Structure Mutation Analysis
As a next step we compared the different results of the secondary structure prediction tools JPred and PsiPred. Afterwards we can examine in which secondary structure element and where therein the mutation takes place. This can give an overview of how drastical the mutation can be. In this case both tools agree and predict at the position of the mutation a coil. This has a result, that the mutation at this position would not destroy or split a secondary structure element. It will probably only changes the coil between two secondary structure elements, but this can sometimes also cause a change of the the following secondary structure. We think that a drastical change of the protein structure and its function is unlikly because the mutation does not affect a secondary struture element. The change of the coil will probably only take places between two secondary structure elements which will not change.
JPred: ...EEEECCCCCEEEEEECCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCEEEEEEECCCCCCCCC... PsiPred: ...EEECCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEEECCCCCCCEEC...
Afterwards we also visualize the position of the muation (red) in the real 3D-structure of PDB and compare it with the predicted secondary structure. The visualisation can therefore like above the predicted secondary structure display if the mutation is in a secondary structure element or in some other regions.
Here in this case the mutationposition agree with the position of the predicted secondary structure and is at the end of a beta sheet. Like explained above this means a mutation will probably not destroy the whole beta sheet what could has as a result that the structural change is not as drastical. Otherwise it can cause a change of the further secondary structure element which can has a functional loose as a consequence. We think that a structural change is mor probable, because when we look at the prediction the mutation is not the complet last sheet element. Therefore, it cause some structural changes in the sheet which will have probably structural changes of the protein as a consequence which can affect the protein function.
Comparison with the real Structure:
Afterwards we also visualize the position of the muation (red) in the real 3D-structure of PDB and compare it with the predicted secondary structure. The visualisation can therefore like above the predicted secondary structure display if the mutation is in a secondary structure element or in some other regions.
Here in this case the mutationposition agree with the position of the predicted secondary structure and is within a coil. Like explained above this means a mutation will probably not destroy a secondary structure element which affects no drastical structural. Otherwise it can cause a change of the position of the two nearest secondary structure element which can has a functional loose as a consequence. We think that a structural change is unlikely, because it is not within a secondary structure element and will therefore not cause extrem changes.
SNAP Prediction
Next, we looked at the result of the SNAP prediction. For this prediction we took the amino acid of the certain position and checked every possible amino acid mutation. Afterwards we extract the result for Aspartic acid which is the real mutation in this case. SNAP has a result that the exhange from Histidine to Aspartiy acid at this position is non-neutral with a very high accuracy. This means that this certain mutation on this position cause very likely structural and functional changes of the protein.
| Substitution | Prediction | Reliability Index | Expected Accuracy |
| D | Non-neutral | 6 | 93% |
A detailed list of all possible substitutions can be found [here]
SIFT Prediction
SIFT Matrix:
Each entry contains the score at a particular position (row) for an amino acid substitution (column). Substitutions predicted to be intolerant are highlighted in red.
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SIFT Table
Threshold for intolerance is 0.05.
Amino acid color code: nonpolar, uncharged polar, basic, acidic.
Capital letters indicate amino acids appearing in the alignment, lower case letters result from prediction.
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