Difference between revisions of "Structure-based mutation analysis HEXA"

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(→‎Sequence Description)
(→‎Analysis of the mutations)
 
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−
Farbcode bei active side:
  
−
active side: grün
  
−
Glycolysation: gelb
  
−
Cystein: cyan
  
−
Mutation:rot
  
−  
 
== Sequence Description ==
  
== Sequence Description ==
   
−
We had to use a PDB file, in which are no missing residues and the quality of the structure should be high. We found only one PDB structure which was not bounded to a ligand. Therefore, we could not regard the quality and the pH value, the R-factor and the coverage. Nevertheless, we listed in the following table this values:
 +
We had to use a [[http://www.pbd.org PDB]] file, in which are no missing residues and the quality of the structure should be high. We found only one PDB structure which was not bounded to a ligand. Therefore, we could not regard the quality and the pH value, the R-factor and the coverage. Nevertheless, we listed in the following table this values:
   
 
{| border="1" style="text-align:center; border-spacing:0;"
  
{| border="1" style="text-align:center; border-spacing:0;"
Line 32: Line 26:
   
 
It was not possible to find one file, without any missing residues. In each file there was a gap between residue 74 to 89 and the last amino acid. Therefore, we decided to cut off the first 89 residues and use a PDB file with a structure from 89 - 528. This file can be found [[http://i12r-studfilesrv.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/wiki/index.php/structure_pdb here]].
  
It was not possible to find one file, without any missing residues. In each file there was a gap between residue 74 to 89 and the last amino acid. Therefore, we decided to cut off the first 89 residues and use a PDB file with a structure from 89 - 528. This file can be found [[http://i12r-studfilesrv.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/wiki/index.php/structure_pdb here]].
  +
<br><br>
−  
  +
Back to [[http://i12r-studfilesrv.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/wiki/index.php/Tay-Sachs_Disease Tay-Sachs Disease]]<br><br>
 
== Mutations ==
  
== Mutations ==
   
Line 83: Line 78:
 
|AAC -> GAC
 
|AAC -> GAC
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|rs1800431
−
|rs121907982
 
 
|436
  
|436
 
|Ile -> Val
  
|Ile -> Val
Line 94: Line 89:
 
|-
  
|-
 
|}
  
|}
  +
<br><br>
  +
Back to [[http://i12r-studfilesrv.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/wiki/index.php/Tay-Sachs_Disease Tay-Sachs Disease]]<br><br>
   
 
== Analysis of the mutations ==
  
== Analysis of the mutations ==
Line 111: Line 108:
 
*[[http://i12r-studfilesrv.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/wiki/index.php/rs1800430 rs1800430: Asn -> Asp]]
  
*[[http://i12r-studfilesrv.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/wiki/index.php/rs1800430 rs1800430: Asn -> Asp]]
   
−
*[[http://i12r-studfilesrv.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/wiki/index.php/rs121907982 rs121907982: Ile -> Val]]
 +
*[[http://i12r-studfilesrv.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/wiki/index.php/rs1800431 rs1800431: Ile -> Val]]
   
 
*[[http://i12r-studfilesrv.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/wiki/index.php/rs121907968 rs121907968: Trp -> Arg]]
  
*[[http://i12r-studfilesrv.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/wiki/index.php/rs121907968 rs121907968: Trp -> Arg]]
  +
  +
== Protocol - Using the methods ==
  +
  +
=== PyMol ===
  +
We visualized the local hydrogen-bonding network with following commands:
  +
  +
distance hbonds, all, all, 3.2, mode=2
  +
zoom resi <interval>
  +
hide labels, all
  +
color red, resi <mutation_position>
  +
  +
Furthermore, we also used the polar contact mode in PyMol to visualize the H-bonds.
  +
  +
The clashed are visualized by the following commands:
  +
  +
distance clash = pos_mutation, all, 2.0, 0
  +
zoom clash
  +
<br><br>
  +
Back to [[http://i12r-studfilesrv.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/wiki/index.php/Tay-Sachs_Disease Tay-Sachs Disease]]<br><br>
  +
=== FoldX ===
  +
  +
To use FoldX, we created a runfile, which can be found [[http://i12r-studfilesrv.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/wiki/index.php/foldx_hexa here]]. We fitted the temperature and pH-value to the values we extracted from the [[http://www.pdb.org PDB]] page. Furthermore, we analysed the mutations with a random chosen temperature and pH value, to see how much influence these parameters have on the analysis.
  +
  +
We ran FoldX with following command:
  +
FoldX -runfile run.txt > foldx_output
  +
<br><br>
  +
Back to [[http://i12r-studfilesrv.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/wiki/index.php/Tay-Sachs_Disease Tay-Sachs Disease]]<br><br>
  +
=== minimise ===
  +
  +
Next we used minimise. Therefore, it was not necessary to create any file for the run. Sadly, we could not find any documentation about minimise and therefore, it was really hard to figure out how it works and what the output means.
  +
  +
We ran minimise with following command:
  +
minimise <input> <output>
  +
<br><br>
  +
Back to [[http://i12r-studfilesrv.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/wiki/index.php/Tay-Sachs_Disease Tay-Sachs Disease]]<br><br>
  +
  +
=== Gromacs ===
  +
  +
Before we could run Gromacs, we had to curate our PDB file. Therefore, we used the script repairPDB to extract chain A. Next we run SCRWL to make sure, that every residue is available in the PDB file.
  +
  +
Then we used the commands which are listed in our task section.
  +
  +
  +
Additionally, to the analysis of our mutated sequences, we also chose different forcefields and analysed our protein without any mutation with these forcefields.
  +
Here are the results of this analysis:
  +
  +
{| border="1" style="text-align:center; border-spacing:0;"
  +
|rowspan="2" | analysed energies (in kJ/mol)
  +
|rowspan="2" |
  +
|colspan="3" | force field
  +
|-
  +
|AMBER3
  +
|AMBER99SB-ILDN
  +
|CHARMM27
  +
|-
  +
|rowspan="4" | Bond
  +
|Average
  +
|852.968
  +
|1091.57
  +
|1796.6
  +
|-
  +
|Err Estimation
  +
| -
  +
|270
  +
|240
  +
|-
  +
|RMSD
  +
|42.0241
  +
| -nan
  +
|2924.29
  +
|-
  +
|Drift
  +
| -74.0853
  +
| -1622.75
  +
| -1404.11
  +
|-
  +
|rowspan="4" | Angle
  +
|Average
  +
|3438.47
  +
|3326.81
  +
|4764.7
  +
|-
  +
|Error Estimation
  +
| -
  +
|62
  +
|60
  +
|-
  +
|RMSD
  +
|16.8864
  +
| -nan
  +
|466.82
  +
|-
  +
|Drift
  +
| -33.7041
  +
|404.076
  +
|368.45
  +
|-
  +
|rowspan="4" | Potential
  +
|Average
  +
| -50917.7
  +
| -61304.1
  +
|166.582
  +
|-
  +
|Error Estimation
  +
| -
  +
|960
  +
|39
  +
|-
  +
|RMSD
  +
|66.4149
  +
| -nan
  +
|79.7058
  +
|-
  +
|Drift
  +
| -132.636
  +
| -6402.44
  +
|280.841
  +
|}
  +
  +
Furthermore, we used different numbers of steps. The result of how long these analysis run, can be found in the following table and graph:
  +
  +
{| border="1" style="text-align:center; border-spacing:0;"
  +
|nstep
  +
|time real
  +
|time user
  +
|time sys
  +
|#steps
  +
|-
  +
|50
  +
|8.268s
  +
|3.860s
  +
|0.110s
  +
|24
  +
|-
  +
|500
  +
|27.523s
  +
|47.650s
  +
|0.540s
  +
|321
  +
|-
  +
|5000
  +
|25.281s
  +
|17.710s
  +
|0.210s
  +
|114
  +
|-
  +
|50000
  +
|14.940s
  +
|14.210s
  +
|0.300s
  +
|91
  +
|-
  +
|}
  +
<br><br>
  +
Back to [[http://i12r-studfilesrv.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/wiki/index.php/Tay-Sachs_Disease Tay-Sachs Disease]]<br><br>
  +
  +
== Results ==
  +
  +
=== Energy ===
  +
  +
In the following table we list all different energy values which are calculated by the different programs. To get the possibility to compare the values with each other we also calculated a ratio between the value of the wildtype and the mutation and compared these two values. It is not possible to compare the values of the different programs directly, because each program use other assumptions for the calculation of the energy. Nevertheless, we think, that the general trend between these programs has to be similar and therefore, we calculated the ratio to compare them.
  +
  +
{| border="1" style="text-align:center; border-spacing:0;"
  +
|
  +
|colspan="2" | FoldX
  +
|colspan="2" | Minimise
  +
|colspan="2" | Gromacs
  +
|-
  +
|Mutation
  +
|energy value
  +
|Ratio difference
  +
|energy value
  +
|Ratio difference
  +
|energy value
  +
|Ratio difference
  +
|-
  +
|wildtype
  +
| -154.17
  +
|0
  +
| -9610.467157
  +
|0
  +
| -61304.1
  +
|0
  +
|-
  +
|Rs61731240
  +
| -151.61
  +
|1.56
  +
| -9480.968602
  +
|1.35
  +
| -48160.5
  +
|21.44
  +
|-
  +
|Rs121907974
  +
| -144.25
  +
|6.34
  +
| -9594.637506
  +
|0.16
  +
| -46177.4
  +
|24.68
  +
|-
  +
|Rs61747114
  +
| -153.78
  +
|0.15
  +
| -9606.588566
  +
|0.04
  +
| -48802.5
  +
|20.40
  +
|-
  +
|Rs1054374
  +
| -152.15
  +
|1.21
  +
| -6189.246312
  +
|35.60
  +
| -48652.6
  +
|20.64
  +
|-
  +
|Rs121907967
  +
| -
  +
| -
  +
| -
  +
| -
  +
| -
  +
| -
  +
|-
  +
|Rs1800430
  +
| -155.11
  +
| -0.72
  +
| -9505.864181
  +
|1.09
  +
| -48693.9
  +
|20.57
  +
|-
  +
|rs1800431
  +
| -154.36
  +
| -0.23
  +
| -9618.062763
  +
| -0.08
  +
| -48418.9
  +
|21.02
  +
|-
  +
|Rs121907968
  +
| -149.08
  +
|3.20
  +
| -9608.663976
  +
|0.02
  +
| -49443.8
  +
|19.35
  +
|-
  +
|}
  +
<br><br>
  +
Back to [[http://i12r-studfilesrv.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/wiki/index.php/Tay-Sachs_Disease Tay-Sachs Disease]]<br><br>
  +
  +
=== FoldX ===
  +
  +
There are differences in the energy of the mutated structures and the wild-type structure, but in general these differences are not that strong. The highest energy values have mutation Rs121907974 and Rs121907968, where the mutated structures have 6% and 3% more energy than the wild type. The lowest difference is between wildtype and Rs61747114 with only 0.15, which is nearly 0.
  +
There are two structures which have less energy than the wildtype (mutation Rs1800430 and Rs1800431) but also here the difference is very low (0.23 and 0.72) and therefore it is hard to explain why these mutations damage the protein, because the energy difference is not that high.
  +
<br><br>
  +
Back to [[http://i12r-studfilesrv.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/wiki/index.php/Tay-Sachs_Disease Tay-Sachs Disease]]<br><br>
  +
  +
=== Minimise ===
  +
  +
Minimise has lower energy values than FoldX. But these two values are not comparable, because both methods based on different calculation models. In this case Rs1054374 has the highest energy different with about 35%, which is very high. The lowest energy differences can be seen for mutation Rs61747114 (0.04) and Rs121907968 (0.02). There is also one structure which has a higher energy, but the value is very low (-0.08). In general expect the mutation Rs1054374 almost all of the other structures has less energy difference compared to the wildtype.
  +
<br><br>
  +
Back to [[http://i12r-studfilesrv.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/wiki/index.php/Tay-Sachs_Disease Tay-Sachs Disease]]<br><br>
  +
=== Gromacs ===
  +
  +
Gromacs uses the lowest values, but as before, these values are not comparable with the other methods because of different calculation models. In this case you can see a strong difference between wildtype and mutation with about 20% in average. Furthermore, there is no big difference between the values of the different mutations, as we could seen before. The lowest energy difference has mutation Rs121907968 with 19.35 whereas the highest differences is between wildtype and mutation Rs121907974 with 24.6. This result is consistent with FoldX, where Rs121907974 also has the highest difference between wildtype and mutation.
  +
<br><br>
  +
Back to [[http://i12r-studfilesrv.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/wiki/index.php/Tay-Sachs_Disease Tay-Sachs Disease]]<br><br>
  +
== Discussion ==
  +
  +
In this section we want to discuss the results of the structure-based mutation analysis.
  +
  +
=== General ===
  +
  +
Interestingly, Gromacs do not calculate any structure with lower energy than the wildtype. FoldX and Minimise have almost always the same trend. There are two exception with the mutation Rs1054374 which has a low ratio with FoldX and a very high ratio with Minimise. Furthermore, FoldX calculated a higher energy than the wildtype energy for Rs1800430, whereas Minimise does not predict this trend.
  +
In general to compare the predictions of the different programs we draw a graph with the different values which can be seen in Figure 1.
  +
  +
[[Image:graph_energy_2.png|Figure 1: Visualization of the ratio of the different programs. (FoldX: orange, Minimise: purple, Gromacs: grey)]]
  +
  +
As you can see in the picture with some exceptions, all three programs predict the same energy trend, if we calculate the ratio and not compare the total values.
  +
Therefore, if there is a strong difference between wildtype and mutation all three methods predict it mostly correct and we can conclude, that these mutation cause damages on the protein structure and function.
  +
<br><br>
  +
Back to [[http://i12r-studfilesrv.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/wiki/index.php/Tay-Sachs_Disease Tay-Sachs Disease]]<br><br>
  +
=== Bonds ===
  +
  +
{| border="1" style="text-align:center; border-spacing:0;"
  +
|Mutation
  +
|Position
  +
|H-bonds original
  +
|H-bonds mutated
  +
|-
  +
|Rs61731240
  +
|179
  +
|no
  +
|no
  +
|-
  +
|rs121907974
  +
|211
  +
|no
  +
|no
  +
|-
  +
|rs61747114
  +
|248
  +
|no
  +
|no
  +
|-
  +
|rs1054374
  +
|293
  +
|two
  +
|no
  +
|-
  +
|rs121907967
  +
|329
  +
| -
  +
| -
  +
|-
  +
|rs1800430
  +
|399
  +
|no
  +
|no
  +
|-
  +
|rs1800431
  +
|436
  +
|no
  +
|no
  +
|-
  +
|rs121907968
  +
|485
  +
|one
  +
|one (different location)
  +
|-
  +
|}
  +
  +
Additionally to the energy calculation we also had a look to the H-bonds between the amino acid we looked at and the rest of the protein. In most cases the amino acid does not have any H-bonds. Only in two cases there are H-bonds. In the first case (rs1054374) the wildtype has 2 H-bonds, whereas the mutated structure do not have any H-bonds. Therefore we suggest, that this mutation destroy the protein function. The second case is mutation rs121907968 where both (mutation and wildtype) have one H-bond. But in this case the mutated amino acid has a wrong H-bond. That is the reason why we decided that this mutation damages the protein.
  +
<br><br>
  +
Back to [[http://i12r-studfilesrv.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/wiki/index.php/Tay-Sachs_Disease Tay-Sachs Disease]]<br><br>
  +
  +
== Conclusion ==
  +
  +
Now we want to decide if one mutation damage the protein. This decision is made because of the H-bond analysis and the analysis of the energy values. If two methods predict the same trend, and the third another trend, we decided to trust the majority. We classify a mutation as damaging if there are changes in the H-bonds or the ratio between the wildtype and mutation energy is more than 1.
  +
  +
{| border="1" style="text-align:center; border-spacing:0;"
  +
|Mutation
  +
|damaging
  +
|decision because of
  +
|-
  +
|Rs61731240
  +
|yes
  +
|FoldX, Minimise, Gromacs
  +
|-
  +
|Rs121907974
  +
|yes
  +
|FoldX, Gromacs
  +
|-
  +
|Rs61747114
  +
|no
  +
|FoldX, Minimise
  +
|-
  +
|Rs1054374
  +
|yes
  +
|Minimise, Gromacs, H-bonds
  +
|-
  +
|Rs121907967
  +
|yes
  +
|shorter chain
  +
|-
  +
|Rs1800430
  +
|yes
  +
|Minimise, Gromacs
  +
|-
  +
|Rs1800431
  +
|no
  +
|FoldX, Minimise
  +
|-
  +
|Rs121907968
  +
|yes
  +
|FoldX, Gromacs, H-bonds
  +
|-
  +
|}
  +
  +
Because we already know if the mutation is damaging or not, we compare our conclusion with the reality.
  +
  +
{| border="1" style="text-align:center; border-spacing:0;"
  +
|Mutation
  +
|database
  +
|effect
  +
|prediction
  +
|comparions
  +
|-
  +
|Rs61731240
  +
|SNP-DB
  +
|neutral
  +
|non-neutral
  +
|wrong
  +
|-
  +
|Rs121907974
  +
|HGMD, SNP-DB
  +
|non-neutral
  +
|non-neutral
  +
|right
  +
|-
  +
|Rs61747114
  +
|SNP-DB
  +
|neutral
  +
|neutral
  +
|right
  +
|-
  +
|Rs1054374
  +
|SNP-DB
  +
|neutral
  +
|non-neutral
  +
|wrong
  +
|-
  +
|Rs121907967
  +
|HGMD, SNP-DB
  +
|non-neutral
  +
|non-neutral
  +
|right
  +
|-
  +
|Rs1800430
  +
|SNP-DB
  +
|neutral
  +
|non-neutral
  +
|wrong
  +
|-
  +
|Rs1800431
  +
|SNP-DB
  +
|neutral
  +
|neutral
  +
|right
  +
|-
  +
|Rs121907968
  +
|SNP-DB, HGMD
  +
|non-neutral
  +
|non-neutral
  +
|right
  +
|-
  +
|}
  +
  +
In the last table we can see that about 70% of our predictions are right, whereas 30% are wrong. Therefore this is a bad result and we can see, that analysing the energy of a mutated structure alone is not sufficient to decide if a mutation is neutral or non-neutral.
  +
<br><br>
  +
Back to [[http://i12r-studfilesrv.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/wiki/index.php/Tay-Sachs_Disease Tay-Sachs Disease]]<br><br>

Latest revision as of 13:40, 29 September 2011

Sequence Description

We had to use a [PDB] file, in which are no missing residues and the quality of the structure should be high. We found only one PDB structure which was not bounded to a ligand. Therefore, we could not regard the quality and the pH value, the R-factor and the coverage. Nevertheless, we listed in the following table this values:

experiment type X-Ray diffraction
Resolution 2.8 Å
temperature (Kelvin) 100K
temperature (Celsius) -173 °C
pH-Value 5.5 (slightly acid)
R-Value 0.270


It was not possible to find one file, without any missing residues. In each file there was a gap between residue 74 to 89 and the last amino acid. Therefore, we decided to cut off the first 89 residues and use a PDB file with a structure from 89 - 528. This file can be found [here].

Back to [Tay-Sachs Disease]

Mutations

Because of the shorten PDB file, it was not possible for us to analyse the first two mutations on position 29 and 39.

SNP-id codon number mutation codon mutation triplet
rs4777505 29 Asn -> Ser AAC -> AGC
rs121907979 39 Leu -> Arg CTT -> CGT
rs61731240 179 His -> Asp CAT -> GAT
rs121907974 211 Phe -> Ser TTC -> TCC
rs61747114 248 Leu -> Phe CTT -> TTT
rs1054374 293 Ser -> Ile AGT -> ATT
rs121907967 329 Trp -> TER TGG -> TAG
rs1800430 399 Asn -> Asp AAC -> GAC
rs1800431 436 Ile -> Val ATA -> GTA
rs121907968 485 Trp -> Arg gTGG -> CGG



Back to [Tay-Sachs Disease]

Analysis of the mutations

We created for each mutation an extra page. The summary of the analysis can be seen in the Summary Section.

Protocol - Using the methods

PyMol

We visualized the local hydrogen-bonding network with following commands: 

distance hbonds, all, all, 3.2, mode=2
zoom resi <interval>
hide labels, all
color red, resi <mutation_position>

Furthermore, we also used the polar contact mode in PyMol to visualize the H-bonds.

The clashed are visualized by the following commands: 

distance clash = pos_mutation, all, 2.0, 0
zoom clash



Back to [Tay-Sachs Disease]

FoldX

To use FoldX, we created a runfile, which can be found [here]. We fitted the temperature and pH-value to the values we extracted from the [PDB] page. Furthermore, we analysed the mutations with a random chosen temperature and pH value, to see how much influence these parameters have on the analysis.

We ran FoldX with following command: 

FoldX -runfile run.txt > foldx_output



Back to [Tay-Sachs Disease]

minimise

Next we used minimise. Therefore, it was not necessary to create any file for the run. Sadly, we could not find any documentation about minimise and therefore, it was really hard to figure out how it works and what the output means.

We ran minimise with following command: 

minimise <input> <output>



Back to [Tay-Sachs Disease]

Gromacs

Before we could run Gromacs, we had to curate our PDB file. Therefore, we used the script repairPDB to extract chain A. Next we run SCRWL to make sure, that every residue is available in the PDB file.

Then we used the commands which are listed in our task section.


Additionally, to the analysis of our mutated sequences, we also chose different forcefields and analysed our protein without any mutation with these forcefields. Here are the results of this analysis:

analysed energies (in kJ/mol) force field
AMBER3 AMBER99SB-ILDN CHARMM27
Bond Average 852.968 1091.57 1796.6
Err Estimation - 270 240
RMSD 42.0241 -nan 2924.29
Drift -74.0853 -1622.75 -1404.11
Angle Average 3438.47 3326.81 4764.7
Error Estimation - 62 60
RMSD 16.8864 -nan 466.82
Drift -33.7041 404.076 368.45
Potential Average -50917.7 -61304.1 166.582
Error Estimation - 960 39
RMSD 66.4149 -nan 79.7058
Drift -132.636 -6402.44 280.841

Furthermore, we used different numbers of steps. The result of how long these analysis run, can be found in the following table and graph:

nstep time real time user time sys #steps
50 8.268s 3.860s 0.110s 24
500 27.523s 47.650s 0.540s 321
5000 25.281s 17.710s 0.210s 114
50000 14.940s 14.210s 0.300s 91



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Results

Energy

In the following table we list all different energy values which are calculated by the different programs. To get the possibility to compare the values with each other we also calculated a ratio between the value of the wildtype and the mutation and compared these two values. It is not possible to compare the values of the different programs directly, because each program use other assumptions for the calculation of the energy. Nevertheless, we think, that the general trend between these programs has to be similar and therefore, we calculated the ratio to compare them.

FoldX Minimise Gromacs
Mutation energy value Ratio difference energy value Ratio difference energy value Ratio difference
wildtype -154.17 0 -9610.467157 0 -61304.1 0
Rs61731240 -151.61 1.56 -9480.968602 1.35 -48160.5 21.44
Rs121907974 -144.25 6.34 -9594.637506 0.16 -46177.4 24.68
Rs61747114 -153.78 0.15 -9606.588566 0.04 -48802.5 20.40
Rs1054374 -152.15 1.21 -6189.246312 35.60 -48652.6 20.64
Rs121907967 - - - - - -
Rs1800430 -155.11 -0.72 -9505.864181 1.09 -48693.9 20.57
rs1800431 -154.36 -0.23 -9618.062763 -0.08 -48418.9 21.02
Rs121907968 -149.08 3.20 -9608.663976 0.02 -49443.8 19.35



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FoldX

There are differences in the energy of the mutated structures and the wild-type structure, but in general these differences are not that strong. The highest energy values have mutation Rs121907974 and Rs121907968, where the mutated structures have 6% and 3% more energy than the wild type. The lowest difference is between wildtype and Rs61747114 with only 0.15, which is nearly 0. There are two structures which have less energy than the wildtype (mutation Rs1800430 and Rs1800431) but also here the difference is very low (0.23 and 0.72) and therefore it is hard to explain why these mutations damage the protein, because the energy difference is not that high.

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Minimise

Minimise has lower energy values than FoldX. But these two values are not comparable, because both methods based on different calculation models. In this case Rs1054374 has the highest energy different with about 35%, which is very high. The lowest energy differences can be seen for mutation Rs61747114 (0.04) and Rs121907968 (0.02). There is also one structure which has a higher energy, but the value is very low (-0.08). In general expect the mutation Rs1054374 almost all of the other structures has less energy difference compared to the wildtype.

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Gromacs

Gromacs uses the lowest values, but as before, these values are not comparable with the other methods because of different calculation models. In this case you can see a strong difference between wildtype and mutation with about 20% in average. Furthermore, there is no big difference between the values of the different mutations, as we could seen before. The lowest energy difference has mutation Rs121907968 with 19.35 whereas the highest differences is between wildtype and mutation Rs121907974 with 24.6. This result is consistent with FoldX, where Rs121907974 also has the highest difference between wildtype and mutation.

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Discussion

In this section we want to discuss the results of the structure-based mutation analysis.

General

Interestingly, Gromacs do not calculate any structure with lower energy than the wildtype. FoldX and Minimise have almost always the same trend. There are two exception with the mutation Rs1054374 which has a low ratio with FoldX and a very high ratio with Minimise. Furthermore, FoldX calculated a higher energy than the wildtype energy for Rs1800430, whereas Minimise does not predict this trend. In general to compare the predictions of the different programs we draw a graph with the different values which can be seen in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Visualization of the ratio of the different programs. (FoldX: orange, Minimise: purple, Gromacs: grey)

As you can see in the picture with some exceptions, all three programs predict the same energy trend, if we calculate the ratio and not compare the total values. Therefore, if there is a strong difference between wildtype and mutation all three methods predict it mostly correct and we can conclude, that these mutation cause damages on the protein structure and function.

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Bonds

Mutation Position H-bonds original H-bonds mutated
Rs61731240 179 no no
rs121907974 211 no no
rs61747114 248 no no
rs1054374 293 two no
rs121907967 329 - -
rs1800430 399 no no
rs1800431 436 no no
rs121907968 485 one one (different location)

Additionally to the energy calculation we also had a look to the H-bonds between the amino acid we looked at and the rest of the protein. In most cases the amino acid does not have any H-bonds. Only in two cases there are H-bonds. In the first case (rs1054374) the wildtype has 2 H-bonds, whereas the mutated structure do not have any H-bonds. Therefore we suggest, that this mutation destroy the protein function. The second case is mutation rs121907968 where both (mutation and wildtype) have one H-bond. But in this case the mutated amino acid has a wrong H-bond. That is the reason why we decided that this mutation damages the protein.

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Conclusion

Now we want to decide if one mutation damage the protein. This decision is made because of the H-bond analysis and the analysis of the energy values. If two methods predict the same trend, and the third another trend, we decided to trust the majority. We classify a mutation as damaging if there are changes in the H-bonds or the ratio between the wildtype and mutation energy is more than 1.

Mutation damaging decision because of
Rs61731240 yes FoldX, Minimise, Gromacs
Rs121907974 yes FoldX, Gromacs
Rs61747114 no FoldX, Minimise
Rs1054374 yes Minimise, Gromacs, H-bonds
Rs121907967 yes shorter chain
Rs1800430 yes Minimise, Gromacs
Rs1800431 no FoldX, Minimise
Rs121907968 yes FoldX, Gromacs, H-bonds

Because we already know if the mutation is damaging or not, we compare our conclusion with the reality.

Mutation database effect prediction comparions
Rs61731240 SNP-DB neutral non-neutral wrong
Rs121907974 HGMD, SNP-DB non-neutral non-neutral right
Rs61747114 SNP-DB neutral neutral right
Rs1054374 SNP-DB neutral non-neutral wrong
Rs121907967 HGMD, SNP-DB non-neutral non-neutral right
Rs1800430 SNP-DB neutral non-neutral wrong
Rs1800431 SNP-DB neutral neutral right
Rs121907968 SNP-DB, HGMD non-neutral non-neutral right

In the last table we can see that about 70% of our predictions are right, whereas 30% are wrong. Therefore this is a bad result and we can see, that analysing the energy of a mutated structure alone is not sufficient to decide if a mutation is neutral or non-neutral.

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